²⁴Kotakorpi and Matikka (2017) describe how empirically estimated elasticities can be used to assess what the revenue-maximising top marginal tax rate on earned income would be in Finland, taking into account the possibility of converting earned income into capital income. Their conclusion is that the top marginal tax rate in Finland was likely below the revenue-maximising rate — implying that the self-financing rate of its reduction would remain below 100 per cent — but not necessarily far from it. Kirkko-Jaakkola and Kotamäki (2022) discuss in more detail the assumptions underlying such calculations. Kuusi et al. (2025) extend the analysis to the research literature examining the broader effects of taxing high earners, for example through incentives for research and development.